Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning. ADHD commonly begins in childhood and can continue into adulthood, affecting various aspects of life, including academic performance, work, and relationships.
Symptoms of ADHD are categorized into two main types: inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Inattention symptoms include difficulty sustaining attention, careless mistakes, forgetfulness, and disorganization. Hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms involve excessive fidgeting, inability to stay seated, interrupting others, and difficulty waiting for turns.
The exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors.
Family history, premature birth, low birth weight, and exposure to environmental toxins are some risk factors associated with ADHD.
Treatment for ADHD typically includes a combination of medication, behavioral therapy, and lifestyle changes. Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are commonly prescribed and can help improve attention and reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Non-stimulant medications are also available for those who may not respond well to stimulants.
Behavioral therapy focuses on teaching strategies to manage symptoms and improve organizational and social skills. Parents and teachers can also be involved in the therapy process to create supportive environments for children with ADHD.
Lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and structured routines, can also help manage ADHD symptoms. Ensuring adequate sleep and reducing screen time can further support overall well-being.
